{"id":226,"date":"2017-11-02T12:44:42","date_gmt":"2017-11-02T10:44:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mariolopoulosfoundation-test.gr\/?page_id=226"},"modified":"2018-07-22T21:43:29","modified_gmt":"2018-07-22T19:43:29","slug":"athens-statement","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mariolopoulosfoundation.gr\/?page_id=226&lang=en","title":{"rendered":"Athens Declaration"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>Athens, September 26, 2007, 11.00 a.m.<\/h4>\n<p>On the completion of 20 years since the start of the Montreal Protocol on the\u00a0Protection of the Ozone Layer, world-renowned scientists met for four days in\u00a0Athens and on September 26, 2007 they reached the \u201cAthens Declaration\u201d, which\u00a0resulted from the extensive announcements and discussions that preceded it and\u00a0which included the latest scientific developments of the past decades. During the\u00a0works of the previous Symposium, it occurred that at least for the time being the\u00a0high concentration of chlorine in the stratosphere has been avoided as well as the\u00a0significant ozone depletion which is accompanied by high levels of ultraviolet solar\u00a0radiation on the planet has also been avoided. Of course, it is essential that the\u00a0implementation of the Montreal Protocol be continued and expanded in order to\u00a0secure the protection provided by the ozone layer in the future.<\/p>\n<p>The previous Symposium is the result of the most characteristic example of successful\u00a0cooperation on a global level among scientists, industry representatives as well as\u00a0representatives of decision-making centers and international organizations. Apart\u00a0from the potential ozone destroying substances as these are designated by the\u00a0Montreal Protocol, there are also other factors which affect ozone fluctuation and by\u00a0extension the constantly increasing ultraviolet solar radiation. Suspending particles,\u00a0volcanic eruptions and climate change in general are the basic reasons which delay\u00a0the expected recovery of the ozone layer, a considerable part of which had already\u00a0been destroyed due to the effect of the substances that deplete it.<\/p>\n<p>In regions like Greece, where climate change can lead to a considerable decrease\u00a0in rainfall and an increase in the frequency of heat waves, with corresponding\u00a0occurrences of particle pollution and increasing levels of urban ozone, the new\u00a0scientific and political challenges will have to be addressed the soonest possible.\u00a0The \u201cAthens Declaration\u201d specifically includes the following:<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Effect of climate change \u2013 Ozone\/climate interactions<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The decrease of ozone depleting substances constitutes a major factor that will\u00a0lead us to the expected recovery of ozone levels before 1980. However, climate\u00a0change will determine whether, when and to what extent the ozone will be\u00a0restored to its previous levels in different regions of the planet.<\/li>\n<li>A further increase in the emissions of greenhouse gases will contribute to the\u00a0decrease of the average stratospheric temperature. As the reaction speeds\u00a0of the chemical reactions in the atmosphere depend on temperature, ozone\u00a0concentrations become directly dependent on climate change. The stratospheric\u00a0frigidity that has been observed in the past two decades entails further\u00a0temperature changes in the stratospheric circulation, and they are expected to\u00a0affect the climate and the weather in the troposphere as well.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Proposals for Policy Strategy<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>The Montreal Protocol works:<\/strong> There is clear evidence for the decrease of ozone\u00a0destroying substances in the atmosphere and early signs of the ozone layer\u00a0recovery.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Failure to comply with the Montreal Protocol will delay or even avert the\u00a0recovery of the ozone layer.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Understanding the interactions between the ozone layer and climate change is<br \/>\ncrucial in order to ensure future ozone sufficiency in the stratosphere.<\/li>\n<li>Stratospheric and tropospheric ozone are crucial atmospheric components for<br \/>\nthe global climatic system. Understanding this system requires constant and<br \/>\nincreasing monitoring of the levels of ozone and other related atmospheric\u00a0elements, through both terrestrial and satellite systems. These observations<br \/>\nwill provide substantial information for the gradual withdrawal of halogenated<br \/>\nhydrocarbons, as foreseen by the Montreal Protocol, and for the evolution of<br \/>\nthe climate in relation to climate change. Continuous scientific progress in<br \/>\nboth laboratory studies and the development \/ improvement of mathematical<br \/>\nmodels is also necessary to continue.<\/li>\n<li>Finally, it is deemed necessary to develop relevant collaborations among<br \/>\nscientists, industry representatives, environmental agencies and representatives<br \/>\nof the political decision-making centers, for the development of functional and<br \/>\neffective approaches as it regards to environmental threats in the new \u201cmanmade\u201d<br \/>\nera that humanity is going through.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Athens, September 26, 2007, 11.00 a.m. On the completion of 20 years since the start of the Montreal Protocol on the\u00a0Protection of the Ozone Layer, world-renowned scientists met for four days in\u00a0Athens and on September 26, 2007 they reached the \u201cAthens Declaration\u201d, which\u00a0resulted from the extensive announcements and discussions that preceded it and\u00a0which included the\u2026 <span class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mariolopoulosfoundation.gr\/?page_id=226&#038;lang=en\">Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-226","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mariolopoulosfoundation.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/226","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mariolopoulosfoundation.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mariolopoulosfoundation.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mariolopoulosfoundation.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mariolopoulosfoundation.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=226"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/mariolopoulosfoundation.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/226\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1136,"href":"https:\/\/mariolopoulosfoundation.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/226\/revisions\/1136"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mariolopoulosfoundation.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=226"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}